class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide .title[ # Analyse de données ] .author[ ### Outils de surveillance et analyses statistiques ] .date[ ### INTECHMER - CT3 GEM ] --- ## Que veut-on faire ? - Décrire et/ou résumer l'information contenue dans les données - Sans formuler d'hypothèses au préalable - Méthode de visualisation des données très pertinente ### Une méthode pour deux applications en fonction du type des données 1. **ACP** sur des données quantitatives 2. **AFC** sur une table de contingence --- class: middle, center, section ## Sur un tableau de données quantitatives ### Analyse en Composantes Principales (ACP) --- ## Comment ? - Transformations linéaires d'un grand nombre de variables intercorrélées - En un nombre relativement limité de composantes non corrélées - Regroupant les données en des ensembles plus petits ### Quelques bénéfices - Technique efficace de réduction de dimension - Méthode de décorrélation des variables, utile pour certaines méthodes statistiques - Parfois utilisée pour de la réduction du bruit --- ## Du choix de la projection dépend l'analyse <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Dualite.jpg" width="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> .footnote[Source : <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dualite.jpg>] --- ## Méthodes descriptives - Pas de modèle probabiliste, mais elles dépendent d'un modèle géométrique - Représentations géométriques de ces unités et de ces variables - Représentations des individus permettent de voir s'il existe une structure, non connue a priori - Représentations des variables permettent d'étudier les structures de liaisons linéaires -- ### Lecture - Distinguer des groupes dans l'ensemble des individus en regardant quelles sont les individus qui se ressemblent, celles qui se distinguent des autres, etc... - Pour les variables, on cherchera quelles sont celles qui sont très corrélées entre elles, celles qui, au contraire ne sont pas corrélées aux autres, ... -- ### Idée principale Projeter le nuage dans un sous-espace de dimension inférieure --- ## Exemple en 2D #### Repère `\((0,X^{(1)},X^{(2)})\)`  --- #### Repère factoriel `\((g,F^{(1)},F^{(2)})\)` : axe 1 associé à la plus grande valeur propre, axe 2 associé à la plus petite.  --- #### Rotation du repère...  --- #### ... et changement d'échelle.  --- ## Problème - Etudier simultanément `\(p\)` variables (avec `\(p\)` grand) - A l'aide d'informations sur `\(n\)` individus (avec `\(n\)` encore plus grand) -- ### Détection - d'individus atypiques - de liaisons entre variables - Recherche de *bonnes* variables -- ### Représentation graphique - des variables - des individus --- ## Objectifs - Constructions de nouvelles variables (appelées facteurs) - Concentrant la variance du nuage de points - Sur un petit nombre `\(q\)` de facteurs -- - Représentation graphiques des variables - Dans un sous-espace de faible dimension (avec `\(q=2\)` ou `\(q=3\)`) - Explicitant les liaisons initiales entre variables -- - Représentation graphiques des individus - Minimisant les déformations du nuage de points - Dans un sous-espace de dimension `\(q\)` (on aura `\(q<p\)`) -- - Réduction de la dimension (compression) - Approximation de `\(X\)` par un tableau de ranq `\(q\)` - `\(q << p\)` --- ## Principe - **Facteurs principaux** : combinaisons linéaires non corrélées 2 à 2 des variables initiales -- - 1ère **composante principale** - Combinaison linéaire des variables qui explique le mieux la variabilité de l'échantillon - Géométriquement, déterminée par la direction de l'allongement maximum du nuage de points -- - 2ème **composante principale** - Combinaison linéaire des variables expliquant au mieux la variance résiduelle - Direction orthogonale à la précédente -- - Itération de l'étape précédente --- ## Matrice de corrélation ou de covariance ? ### Corrélation - Variables réduites (donc sans unité) et de même dispersion (écart-type 1) - Choix par défaut le plus fréquent (données en général hétérogènes) - Diagonalisation de la matrice des corrélations -- ### Covariance - Variables uniquement centrées - Variables avec unités et dispersions différentes - A n'utiliser que si les données sont homogènes - Diagonalisation de la matrice des covariances --- ## Combien d'axes retenir ? - Question délicate, sans réponse définitive - Critère empirique : point d'inflexion sur les spectres des valeurs propres -- ### But = Représentation graphique - Conserver l'essentiel de la variabilité tout en retenant un faible nombre de facteurs - Représenter sur 2 axes (éventuellement 3, voire 4 maximum) -- ### But = Préparation des données - Préalablement à la réalisation d'une classification - Pas un inconvénient de retenir beaucoup d'axes - Supprimer les directions correspondant aux plus petites valeurs propres - Critère de Kaiser : vp `\(>\)` moyenne des vp - si ACP normée, vp `\(>\)` 1 - Supprimer le bruit --- ## Quelques notations - `\(\mathbf{I}_p\)` : matrice identité (diagonale = 1 et le reste = 0), `\(\mathbf{1}_n\)` : vecteur unité (que des 1) - `\(\mathbf{X} = (x_i^j), i=1,\ldots,n, j=1,\ldots,p\)` : matrice des données - `\(\mathbf{x}_i = (x_i^1,\ldots,x_i^p)\)` : vecteur individu `\(i\)` - `\(\mathbf{x}^j = (x_1^j,\ldots,x_n^j)\)` : vecteur variable `\(j\)` - `\(p_i, i=1,\ldots,n\)` : poids des individus (très souvent égaux à `\(\frac{1}{n}\)`) - représentés dans la matrice `\(\mathbf{D}\)` (poids sur la diagonale et le reste égal à 0) - si poids identiques, `\(\mathbf{D} = \frac{1}{n}\mathbf{I}_p\)` - `\(\mathbf{M}\)` : métrique utilisée - `\(\mathbf{I}_p\)` : si ACP centrée uniquement - `\(\mathbf{D}_\frac{1}{\delta}\)` : si ACP centrée réduite (avec `\((\frac{1}{\delta_j})\)` sur la diagonale (écart-type de `\(j\)`)) - `\(\mathbf{M}'\)` : transposée de `\(\mathbf{M}\)` --- ## Premiers calculs Utilisation de moyenne arithmétique (pondérée éventuellement), de la variance (elle-aussi pondérée), et de la covariance et de la corrélation entre deux variables - `\(\mathbf{g} = (\bar{x}^1,\ldots,\bar{x}^p)\)` : point moyen (barycentre), on a `\(\mathbf{g} = \mathbf{X}'\mathbf{D}\mathbf{1}_n\)` - Tableau centré `\(\mathbf{Y} = \mathbf{X}-\mathbf{1}_n\mathbf{g} = (\mathbf{I}_p - \mathbf{1}_n\mathbf{1}_n'\mathbf{D})\mathbf{X}\)` - Matrice de variance-covariance `\(\mathbf{V} = \mathbf{X}'\mathbf{D}\mathbf{X} - \mathbf{g}\mathbf{g}' = \mathbf{Y}'\mathbf{D}\mathbf{Y}\)` - Matrice de corrélation `\(\mathbf{R} = \mathbf{D_\frac{1}{s}}\mathbf{V}\mathbf{D_\frac{1}{s}}\)` - Données centrées-réduites `\(\mathbf{Z} = \mathbf{Y}\mathbf{D}_\frac{1}{s}\)` --- ## Inertie Inertie d'un nuage de points : `$$I_g = \sum_{i=1}^n p_i d_\mathbf{M}^2(x_i - g) = \frac{1}{2} \sum_{i=1}^n \sum_{i'=1}^n p_i p_{i'} d_\mathbf{M}^2(x_i - x_{i'}) = Tr(\mathbf{M}\mathbf{V}\mathbf{M})$$` - Si données originelles `\(\mathbf{Y}\)` : `\(I_g = Tr(\mathbf{V}) = \sum_{j=1}^p \delta_j^2\)`. - Si données réduites `\(\mathbf{Z}\)` : `\(I_g = Tr(\mathbf{D}_\frac{1}{\delta^2}\mathbf{V}) = Tr(\mathbf{D}_\frac{1}{\delta}\mathbf{V}\mathbf{D}_\frac{1}{\delta}) = Tr(\mathbf{R}) = p\)` -- > L'ACP revient à chercher `\(F_q\)`, sous espace de dimension `\(q\)` de `\(F_p\)`, tel que l'inertie du nuage projeté sur `\(F_q\)` soit maximale. --- ## Rappel ### Vecteur et valeur propre `\(\mathbf{v} \ne 0\)` vecteur propre de `\(\mathbf{A}\)` - s'il existe `\(\lambda\)` tel que `\(\mathbf{A}\mathbf{v} = \lambda\mathbf{v}\)` - `\(\lambda\)` valeur propre associée à `\(\mathbf{v}\)` Matrice de dimension `\((p,p)\)` : `\(p\)` valeurs propres --- ## Analyse de `\(\mathbf{M}\mathbf{V}\mathbf{M}\)` - Matrice carrée `\((p,p)\)` : - Diagonalisable - Valeurs propres `\(\lambda_1,\ldots,\lambda_p\)` réelles - Axes principaux d'inertie : `\(p\)` vecteurs propres (notés `\(\mathbf{a}_j\)`) - Valeurs propres positives : tri par ordre décroissant -- - Lien avec l'inertie `$$I_g = Tr(\mathbf{M}\mathbf{V}\mathbf{M}) = \sum_{j=1}^p \lambda_j$$` -- - En ne gardant que les `\(q\)` premiers axes d'inertie - Inertie expliquée : `\(\sum_{j=1}^q \lambda_j\)` -- **Remarque** : l'ACP sur `\(q+1\)` variables est obtenue par ajout d'une variable d'inertie maximale à l'ACP sur `\(q\)` variables. Il n'est pas nécessaire de refaire tout le calcul. --- ## Composantes Principales Coordonnées des individus données par projections orthogonales sur axes principaux - Composantes principales `\(\mathbf{c}_k\)` (qui correspondent aux coordonnées des individus sur l'axe `\(k\)`) : $$ \mathbf{c}_k = \mathbf{Y} \mathbf{M} \mathbf{a}_k $$ - Axe `\(k\)` expliquant une certaine part d'inertie, déterminée par `\(\frac{\lambda_k}{I_g}\)` -- ACP avec `\(q\)` axes retenus expliquera donc une part d'inertie égale à `$$\frac{\sum_{k=1}^q \lambda_k}{\sum_{\ell=1}^p \lambda_\ell}$$` --- ## Interprétation ### Cercle des corrélations - Sur données centrées-réduites uniquement - Représentation des corrélations entre variables et composantes principales - Plus variable proche de 1 ou -1 sur une composante, plus les 2 sont corrélées -- ### Contribution des individus et des variables - Contribution d'un individu à un axe : `\(\frac{p_i (c_{ik})^2}{\lambda_k}\)` - Si supérieure à `\(\alpha p_i\)` (avec `\(\alpha\)` généralement entre 2 et 4), individu considéré comme fortement contributeur à la création de l'axe - Si très forte, individu potentiellement aberrant (mettre de côté) - Contribution d'une variable à un axe : `\(\frac{\sqrt{\lambda_k}a_k^j}{s_j}\)` - Si supérieure à `\(\frac{1}{p}\)`, alors variable considérée comme fortement contributrice --- ## Interprétation ### Qualité de représentation - Qualité de représentation d'un individu par un axe : `\(\frac{(c_{ik})^2}{\sum_{\ell=1}^p (c_{i\ell})^2}\)` - Plus elle est grande, mieux l'individu est représenté sur l'axe `\(k\)` - Qualité de représentation d'une variable par un axe : `\(\frac{\lambda_k (a_k^j)^2}{\sum_{\ell=1}^p \lambda_\ell (a_\ell^j)^2}\)` - Idem, plus cette valeur est grande, plus la variable est bien représentée sur l'axe `\(k\)` -- ### Que faire pour interpréter un axe Pour comprendre ce que reprèsente un axe : - Recenser les variables qui contribuent le plus - Recenser celles qui sont très bien représentées - Chercher individus bien représentés ou contribuant fortement à l'axe - si `\(n\)` est grand, prendre individus avec valeurs très fortes --- ## En plus Possibilité d'introduire des éléments supplémentaires ne participant pas au calcul, mais pouvant être représentés sur les graphiques : -- - **Variables quantitatives** : utile pour expliquer le lien de ces variables avec les variables de l'ACP -- - **Variables qualitatives** : idem -- - **Individus** : utile pour mettre de côté des individus particuliers ou pour analyser des individus d'un autre échantillon --- ## Exemple simple Notes obtenues par 9 élèves dans 4 matières (cf Besse and Baccini) | | Math| Phys| Fran| Angl| |:----|----:|----:|----:|----:| |jean | 6.0| 6.0| 5.0| 5.5| |alan | 8.0| 8.0| 8.0| 8.0| |anni | 6.0| 7.0| 11.0| 9.5| |moni | 14.5| 14.5| 15.5| 15.0| |didi | 14.0| 14.0| 12.0| 12.5| |andr | 11.0| 10.0| 5.5| 7.0| |pier | 5.5| 7.0| 14.0| 11.5| |brig | 13.0| 12.5| 8.5| 9.5| |evel | 9.0| 9.5| 12.5| 12.0| --- ## Variance et corrélation des variables - Variances sensiblement différentes | | Moyenne| Variance| |:----|-------:|--------:| |Math | 9.67| 12.81| |Phys | 9.83| 10.06| |Fran | 10.22| 13.57| |Angl | 10.06| 8.90| -- - Deux groupes de variables. <table class="table table-condensed"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> Math </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> Phys </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> Fran </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> Angl </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Math </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #bebebe">1.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #bfbfbf">0.98</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.23</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e7e7e7">0.51</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Phys </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #bfbfbf">0.98</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #bebebe">1.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f0f0f0">0.40</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #dbdbdb">0.65</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Fran </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.23</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f0f0f0">0.40</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #bebebe">1.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #c2c2c2">0.95</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Angl </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e7e7e7">0.51</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #dbdbdb">0.65</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #c2c2c2">0.95</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #bebebe">1.00</span> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> --- ## Part de la variance expliquée | | Valeur propre| Variance (%)| Cumulée (%)| |:------|-------------:|------------:|-----------:| |comp 1 | 2.88| 71.89| 71.89| |comp 2 | 1.12| 27.99| 99.88| |comp 3 | 0.00| 0.09| 99.97| |comp 4 | 0.00| 0.03| 100.00| <img src="cm2--add_files/figure-html/eigenfig-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> 2 axes suffisent à représenter 99.9% de l'information présente dans les données. --- ## Représentation graphique - Individus <img src="cm2--add_files/figure-html/graphs-ind-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- ## Représentation graphique - Individus <img src="cm2--add_files/figure-html/graphs-var-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- ## Individus importants ### Contribution <table class="table table-condensed"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 2 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 3 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 4 </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> jean </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d7ecf2">29.07</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">1.81</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">1.65</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">5.42</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> alan </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f6fbfc">5.95</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.23</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.06</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">5.25</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> anni </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f9fcfd">4.11</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f0f7fa">10.93</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f0f8fa">10.55</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.13</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> moni </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #cbe6ef">38.05</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.34</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.40</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #deeff5">23.79</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> didi </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e8f4f8">16.26</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f9fcfd">3.91</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">1.87</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #cbe6ef">37.97</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> andr </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">3.64</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e0f0f5">22.25</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">2.13</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e4f2f7">19.25</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> pier </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.43</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #cce6ef">37.25</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f2f8fb">9.46</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.91</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> brig </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">1.49</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e8f4f8">16.54</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ecf6f9">13.63</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">1.63</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> evel </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">1.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f5fafc">6.74</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #add8e6">60.25</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">5.66</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Sum </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> --- ## Individus importants ### Qualité de représentation <table class="table table-condensed"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 2 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 3 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 4 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> Somme </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> jean </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #aed8e6">0.98</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.02</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> alan </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #aed8e6">0.98</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> anni </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d6ebf2">0.49</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d5ebf2">0.51</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> moni </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #add8e6">1.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> didi </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #b4dbe8">0.91</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">0.09</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> andr </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e6f3f7">0.30</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #c5e3ed">0.70</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> pier </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">0.03</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #afd9e6">0.97</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> brig </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eff7fa">0.19</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #bcdfea">0.81</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> evel </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e8f4f8">0.27</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #c4e3ed">0.71</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.02</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> --- ## Variables importantes ### Contribution <table class="table table-condensed"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 2 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 3 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 4 </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Math </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #dbeef4">22.89</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #cde7f0">30.46</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">4.10</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #b7dce9">42.54</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Phys </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d1e9f1">28.29</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e7f3f7">16.55</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e2f1f6">19.47</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #c4e2ed">35.69</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Fran </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e1f1f6">19.71</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #bee0eb">38.59</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d1e9f1">28.35</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #edf6f9">13.35</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Angl </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d0e8f0">29.11</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ebf5f9">14.39</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #add8e6">48.08</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f6fbfc">8.41</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Sum </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> --- ## Variables importantes ### Qualité de représentation <table class="table table-condensed"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 2 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 3 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 4 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> Somme </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Math </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #bee0eb">0.66</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ddeff4">0.34</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Phys </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #afd9e6">0.81</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ecf6f9">0.19</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Fran </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #c7e4ee">0.57</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d5ebf2">0.43</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Angl </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #add8e6">0.84</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eff7fa">0.16</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> --- class: middle, center, section ## Sur une table de contingence ### Analyse Factorielle de Correspondance (AFC) --- ## Que veut-on faire ? - Décrire et/ou résumer l'information contenue dans les données - Sans formuler d'hypothèses au préalable - Tableau individu `\(\times\)` variable - On connaît : **ACP** - Table de contingence - **AFC** - Plus largement sur un tableau de nombres non négatifs ### Idée principale Utiliser les principes de l'ACP en utilisant une autre métrique --- ## Table de contingence Croisement de deux variables qualitatives, représentant les effectifs de chaque couple de modalité <table class="table table-condensed centering"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> No </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> Yes </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> 1st </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 122 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 203 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> 2nd </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 167 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 118 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> 3rd </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 528 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 178 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Crew </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 673 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 212 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Ici, nous représentons les passagers du Titanic répartis sur leur classe (1ère, 2nde, 3ème et équipage) et leur survie ou non (*i.e.* 178 passagers en 3ème classe ont survécu au naufrage). --- ## Problème et objectifs Visualiser les liens entre les deux variables - Utiliser la représentation simultanée des deux variables pour analyser les liens entre les modalités des deux variables - Détection de modalités atypiques - Visualiser les ressemblances entre les modalités d'une même variable **Objectifs similaires à l'ACP** --- ## Pourquoi pas une ACP directement ? Tableau analysé : - Individus : modalités de la variable en lignes - Variables : madalités de la variable en colonnes Comparaison des distributions en **fréquences absolues** - Importance beaucoup trop importante d'une modalité très (trop) présente en lignes - On est plutôt intéressé par les **profils** --- ## Quelques notations - `\(\mathbf{X}\)` et `\(\mathbf{Y}\)` : deux variables qualitatives à respectivement `\(p\)` et `\(q\)` modalités - `\(\mathbf{T} = (t_{ij})\)`, avec `\(i=1,\ldots,p\)` et `\(j=1,\ldots,q\)` : - nombre d'individus ayant la modalité `\(i\)` pour `\(X\)` et `\(j\)` pour `\(Y\)` - `\(\sum_{i=1}^p \sum_{j=1}^q t_{ij} = n\)` - Marge en ligne : `\((t_{i.}) = \sum_{j=1}^q t_{ij}\)` (effectifs des modalités de `\(X\)`) - Marge en colonne : `\((t_{.j}) = \sum_{i=1}^p t_{ij}\)` (effectifs des modalités de `\(Y\)`) - `\(\mathbf{D}_X\)` et `\(\mathbf{D}_Y\)` matrice diagonale contenant les marges en lignes et en colonnes sur la diagonale - Profils lignes : `\(\frac{t_{ij}}{t_{i.}} = P(Y=j | X=i)\)`, donné par `\(\mathbf{D}_X^{-1}\mathbf{T}\)` - Profils colonnes : `\(\frac{t_{ij}}{t_{.j}} = P(X=i | Y=j)\)`, donné par `\(\mathbf{T}\mathbf{D}_Y^{-1}\)` --- ## Indépendance Rappel de l'Indépendance : `\(P(AB) = P(A)P(B)\)` `\(\chi^2\)` : Mesure de l'écart à l'indépendance `$$\chi^2(X,Y)=n\sum_{i=1}^p \sum_{j=1}^q \frac{\left( f_{ij} - f_{i.} f_{.j} \right)^2}{f_{i.} f_{.j}}$$` - Si les variables sont indépendantes, `\(\chi^2 (X,Y) = 0\)` - cela voudra dire que `\(f_{ij} = f_{i.}f_{.j}\)` pour chaque couple de modalités - On a aussi `\(\chi^2(X,Y) \le n \times \mbox{inf}(p-1,q-1)\)`. - Si `\(\chi^2(X,Y)\)` est égal respectivement à `\(n(p-1)\)` ou `\(n(q-1)\)`, cela voudra dire que `\(X\)` (resp. `\(Y\)`) est fonctionnellement liée à `\(Y\)` (resp. `\(X\)`). - Contribution d'une cellule `\(ij\)` : `\(\frac{\left( f_{ij} - f_{i.} f_{.j} \right)^2}{f_{i.} f_{.j}}\)` --- ## Distance **Idée** : Les profils lignes et les profils colonnes sont deux nuages de points sur lesquels on pourra appliquer une ACP Distance entre 2 modalités de `\(X\)` : `$$d_{\chi^2}^2(i,i')=\sum_{j=1}^q\frac{n}{t_{.j}}\left(\frac{t_{ij}}{t_{i.}}-\frac{t_{i'j}}{t_{i'.}}\right)^2$$` Cela revient à utiliser la métrique `\(n\mathbf{D}_Y^{-1}\)` sur les profils lignes, ce qu'on appelle la **métrique du `\(\chi^2\)`**. Idem pour les colonnes. --- ## Inertie Inertie du nuage des profils lignes, par rapport au centre de gravité de ce nuage `\(g_\ell = (f_{.j})\)` : `$$I_{g_\ell} = \sum_{i=1}^p \frac{t_{i.}}{n} d_{\chi^2}^2 (i, g_\ell) = \chi^2 (X,Y)$$` Idem pour les colonnes. ### Avantage de cette métrique Regroupement de modalités ne modifiant pas l'inertie et donc la valeur du `\(\chi^2\)`, ni même les distances. C'est l'**équivalence distributionnelle**. --- ## ACP sur les profils Deux possibilités totalement symétriques : Info | Profil lignes | Profil colonnes -|-|- Données `\(Z\)` | `\(D_X^{-1}T\)` | `\(D_Y^{-1}T'\)` Métrique `\(M\)` | `\(nD_Y^{-1}\)` | `\(nD_X^{-1}\)` Poids `\(D\)` | `\(D_X/n\)` | `\(D_Y/n\)` Centre | `\(Z'D1\)` Variance-covariance | `\(V = Z'DZ - gg'\)` - Calcul **identiques à l'ACP** avec ces définitions - Deux analyses conduisant aux mêmes valeurs propres - Facteurs principaux de l'une = composantes principales de l'autre. --- ## Interprétation ### Choix du nombre d'axes - Pproblème plus compliqué que dans l'ACP - Critère de Kaiser s'applique mal - Règle du coude toujours valide ### Coordonnées de points - Principal résultat - Représentation en 2 (ou plus) dimensions des modalités des deux variables Les deux nuages de points, et donc les deux ensembles de modalités (de `\(X\)` et de `\(Y\)`) peuvent être représentés **sur le même graphique**. Le cercle de corrélations n'a aucun intérêt ici. --- ## Interpretation ### Contributions - De même que pour l'ACP - Contribution de la modalité `\(i\)` de `\(X\)` = `\(\frac{t_{i.}}{n} \frac{(a_{ki}^2}{\lambda_k}\)` - Contributions fortes (supérieures à `\(1/p\)`) - Idem les modalités `\(j\)` de `\(Y\)`. ### Qualité de représentation Idem que pour l'ACP et que pour les contributions. --- ## Plus loin **Modalités supplémentaires** ne participant pas au calcul, mais pouvant être représentés sur les graphiques : - Lignes et/ou colonnes supplémentaires : modalités de `\(X\)` ou de `\(Y\)` qu'on ne veut pas inclure dans le calcul de l'AFC **Regroupement de modalités** - à considérer si une modalité est trop peu présente - elle *tire* le nuage vers elle Travail *envisageable* sur un jeu de données Individus x Variables, sous quelques conditions : - Variables de mêmes unités ; - Somme en lignes et en colonnes ayant un sens ; - Recherche sur les profils (de consommation par exemple). --- ## Exemple simple Nous utilisons les données `occupationalStatus`, qui nous donne la répartition d'hommes britaniques suivant le statut professionnel de leur père (en ligne) et le leur (en colonne). Les statuts sont codés de 1 à 8, et nous n'avons aucune information sur ceux-ci. <table class="table table-condensed"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=2 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=3 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=4 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=5 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=6 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=7 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=8 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> Sum </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">50</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">19</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfd">26</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">8</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">7</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">11</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">6</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">2</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 129 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">16</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f9fcfd">40</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f9fcfd">34</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">18</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">11</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">20</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">8</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">3</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 150 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">12</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f9fcfd">35</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f5fafc">65</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f5fafc">66</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f9fcfd">35</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f1f8fb">88</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfd">23</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfe">21</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 345 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">11</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">20</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f6fafc">58</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eef7fa">110</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f9fcfd">40</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e3f2f6">183</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f5fafc">64</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">32</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 518 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">2</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">8</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">12</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfd">23</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfd">25</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f8fbfc">46</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafdfd">28</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">12</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 156 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">12</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafdfd">28</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eff7fa">102</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e7f3f7">162</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f1f8fa">90</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #add8e6">554</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #dceef4">230</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e4f2f7">177</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1355 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">6</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">19</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f9fcfd">40</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfe">21</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e7f3f7">158</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e9f4f8">143</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f4fafb">71</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 458 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">3</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfefe">14</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">32</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">15</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ecf6f9">126</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f1f8fa">91</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eff7fa">106</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 387 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Sum </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 103 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 159 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 330 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 459 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 244 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1186 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 593 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 424 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 3498 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> --- ## Proportions globales <table class="table table-condensed"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=2 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=3 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=4 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=5 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=6 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=7 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=8 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> Sum </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">1.43</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">0.54</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfd">0.74</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.23</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.20</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.31</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.17</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.06</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 3.69 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">0.46</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f9fcfd">1.14</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f9fcfd">0.97</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">0.51</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.31</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">0.57</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.23</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.09</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 4.29 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.34</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f9fcfd">1.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f5fafc">1.86</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f5fafc">1.89</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f9fcfd">1.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f1f8fb">2.52</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfd">0.66</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfe">0.60</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 9.86 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.31</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">0.57</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f6fafc">1.66</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eef7fa">3.14</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f9fcfd">1.14</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e3f2f6">5.23</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f5fafc">1.83</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">0.91</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 14.81 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.06</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.23</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.34</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfd">0.66</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfd">0.71</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f8fbfc">1.32</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafdfd">0.80</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.34</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 4.46 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.34</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafdfd">0.80</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eff7fa">2.92</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e7f3f7">4.63</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f1f8fa">2.57</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #add8e6">15.84</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #dceef4">6.58</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e4f2f7">5.06</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 38.74 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.17</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">0.54</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f9fcfd">1.14</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfe">0.60</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e7f3f7">4.52</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e9f4f8">4.09</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f4fafb">2.03</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 13.09 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.09</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfefe">0.40</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">0.91</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">0.43</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ecf6f9">3.60</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f1f8fa">2.60</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eff7fa">3.03</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 11.06 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Sum </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 2.94 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 4.55 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 9.43 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 13.12 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 6.98 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 33.91 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 16.95 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 12.12 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> --- ## Profils lignes <table class="table table-condensed"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=2 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=3 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=4 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=5 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=6 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=7 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=8 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> Sum </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #b1dae7">38.76</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e1f0f5">14.73</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d6ebf2">20.16</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f2f9fb">6.20</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f4f9fb">5.43</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #edf6f9">8.53</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f5fafc">4.65</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfe">1.55</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e9f4f8">10.67</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #c9e5ee">26.67</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d1e9f1">22.67</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e6f3f7">12.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f0f8fa">7.33</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e4f2f6">13.33</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f4f9fb">5.33</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafdfd">2.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f8fbfc">3.48</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eaf5f8">10.14</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d9edf3">18.84</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d8ecf3">19.13</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eaf5f8">10.14</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #cbe6ef">25.51</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f1f8fa">6.67</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f2f9fb">6.09</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">2.12</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">3.86</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e8f4f8">11.20</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d4eaf2">21.24</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eff7fa">7.72</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #b8dde9">35.33</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e6f3f7">12.36</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f2f9fb">6.18</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">1.28</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f4fafb">5.13</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eff7fa">7.69</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e1f0f5">14.74</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #deeff5">16.03</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #c3e2ec">29.49</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #dbedf4">17.95</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eff7fa">7.69</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.89</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafdfd">2.07</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eff7fa">7.53</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e7f3f7">11.96</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f1f8fa">6.64</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #add8e6">40.89</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #dceef4">16.97</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e4f2f7">13.06</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">1.31</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f6fbfc">4.15</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #edf6f9">8.73</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f5fafc">4.59</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #b9dee9">34.50</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #c0e1eb">31.22</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #dff0f5">15.50</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.78</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">3.62</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eef7f9">8.27</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">3.88</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #bddfeb">32.56</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #cfe8f0">23.51</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #c8e4ee">27.39</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> --- ## Profils colonnes <table class="table table-condensed"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=2 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=3 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=4 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=5 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=6 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=7 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=8 </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #add8e6">48.54</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eaf5f8">11.95</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f1f8fa">7.88</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">1.74</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">2.87</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.93</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">1.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.47</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e4f2f7">15.53</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d4eaf2">25.16</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #edf6f9">10.30</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f8fbfc">3.92</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">4.51</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">1.69</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">1.35</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.71</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ebf5f8">11.65</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d9edf3">22.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ddeff4">19.70</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e6f3f7">14.38</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e6f3f7">14.34</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f2f9fb">7.42</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f8fbfd">3.88</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f6fbfc">4.95</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ecf6f9">10.68</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e9f4f8">12.58</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e1f0f5">17.58</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d6ebf2">23.97</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e3f1f6">16.39</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e4f2f7">15.43</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ecf6f9">10.79</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f2f8fb">7.55</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfe">1.94</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f6fafc">5.03</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f8fcfd">3.64</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f6fafc">5.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #edf6f9">10.25</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f8fbfd">3.88</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">4.72</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">2.83</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ebf5f8">11.65</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e1f0f5">17.61</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #cae6ef">30.91</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #c3e2ec">35.29</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #c0e1ec">36.89</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #b0d9e6">46.71</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #bddfeb">38.79</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #b8dde9">41.75</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f8fbfd">3.77</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f5fafc">5.76</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f0f8fa">8.71</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f0f8fa">8.61</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e8f4f8">13.32</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d6ebf2">24.11</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e2f1f6">16.75</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfe">1.89</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">4.24</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f3f9fb">6.97</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f4fafb">6.15</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #edf6f9">10.62</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e5f2f7">15.35</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d4eaf2">25.00</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Sum </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> --- ## Part de la variance expliquée <table class="table table-condensed"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> Valeur propre </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> Variance (%) </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> Cumulée (%) </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dim 1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.28 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 69.53 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 69.53 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dim 2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.08 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 18.56 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 88.08 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dim 3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.03 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 6.75 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 94.83 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dim 4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.01 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 2.46 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 97.29 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dim 5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.01 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1.41 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 98.70 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dim 6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1.05 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 99.75 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dim 7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.25 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <img src="cm2--add_files/figure-html/eigenfig_afc-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> 2 axes suffisent à représenter 88.1% de l'information présente dans les données. --- ## Représentation graphique - modalités en lignes <img src="cm2--add_files/figure-html/graphs_row-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- ## Représentation graphique - modalités en colonnes <img src="cm2--add_files/figure-html/graphs_col-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- ## Représentation conjointe <img src="cm2--add_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-4-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- ## Lignes importantes ### Contribution <table class="table table-condensed"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 2 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 3 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 4 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 5 </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #add8e6">57.96</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d1e9f1">31.92</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f6fbfc">5.88</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.37</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e3f1f6">19.37</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f0f8fa">10.11</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #bee0eb">45.34</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.77</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f1f8fa">9.49</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f8fbfc">4.81</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e0f0f5">21.63</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.24</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">5.03</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f1f8fa">9.39</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.08</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f0f8fa">10.28</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e3f1f6">19.46</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.02</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.11</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">1.99</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.29</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e8f4f8">16.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #c2e1ec">43.10</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">5.09</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.09</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f6fafc">6.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfd">2.45</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #deeff4">23.28</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f6fafc">6.07</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f2f8fb">9.05</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f6fafc">6.17</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #bfe0eb">45.16</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.29</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f5fafc">6.62</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e9f4f8">14.93</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e7f3f7">16.61</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d3eaf1">30.56</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ebf5f8">13.97</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Sum </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> --- ## Lignes importantes ### Qualité de représentation <table class="table table-condensed"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 2 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 3 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 4 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 5 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> Somme </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #add8e6">0.86</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f2f9fb">0.13</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1.00 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #badeea">0.72</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f5fafc">0.10</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eff7fa">0.16</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1.00 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d6ebf2">0.43</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #cde7ef">0.52</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.02</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.02</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.98 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #cde7ef">0.52</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #dceef4">0.36</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.90 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eaf5f8">0.22</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e9f4f8">0.23</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #dceef4">0.36</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.81 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #b5dce8">0.77</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f6fafc">0.09</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f8fbfc">0.07</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.95 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #c9e5ee">0.56</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eaf5f8">0.22</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">0.05</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f0f8fa">0.15</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.98 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d0e8f0">0.49</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e3f1f6">0.29</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f3f9fb">0.12</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">0.08</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.02</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1.00 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> --- ## Colonnes importantes ### Contribution <table class="table table-condensed"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 2 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 3 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 4 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> contrib 5 </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dest=1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #add8e6">55.37</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #cde7ef">33.26</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f3f9fb">7.44</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.13</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dest=2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e3f2f6">18.32</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #edf6f9">11.56</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #bbdeea">45.67</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.93</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f8fbfc">4.50</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dest=3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f2f9fb">8.25</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f0f8fa">9.59</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.22</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f9fcfd">3.66</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.12</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dest=4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.03</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eaf5f8">14.10</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eef7f9">11.29</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">0.81</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f4f9fb">7.10</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dest=5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.15</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">5.39</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfe">2.17</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f8fbfc">4.72</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #c1e1ec">41.76</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dest=6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">5.22</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eef7fa">11.06</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.58</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #c8e5ee">36.64</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dest=7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f5fafc">6.23</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #edf6f9">11.74</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f5fafc">6.48</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #b8dde9">47.46</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.49</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dest=8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f5fafc">6.42</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e9f4f8">14.35</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e7f3f7">15.66</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #c1e1ec">41.83</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f1f8fa">9.27</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Sum </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 100.00 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> --- ## Colonnes importantes ### Qualité de représentation <table class="table table-condensed"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 2 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 3 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 4 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> qualité 5 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> Somme </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dest=1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #add8e6">0.85</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f1f8fa">0.14</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1.00 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dest=2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #bbdeea">0.70</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f3f9fb">0.12</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eef7fa">0.17</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1.00 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dest=3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #b8dde9">0.73</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e8f4f8">0.23</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.97 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dest=4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #bfe0eb">0.66</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ecf6f9">0.19</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fcfdfe">0.03</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.90 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dest=5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfd">0.04</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d6ebf2">0.42</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f9fcfd">0.06</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">0.05</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e6f3f7">0.25</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.83 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dest=6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #b9dde9">0.72</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f0f8fa">0.15</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f5fafc">0.10</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.97 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dest=7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #cbe6ef">0.53</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e4f2f7">0.27</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">0.05</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f1f8fa">0.14</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">0.00</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 0.99 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> dest=8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d0e8f0">0.48</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e3f2f6">0.28</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f4f9fb">0.11</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f4f9fb">0.11</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">0.01</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1.00 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> --- ## Lien avec le `\(\chi^2\)` Il y a clairement un lien entre les deux variables. ``` ## ## Pearson's Chi-squared test ## ## data: o ## X-squared = 1416, df = 49, p-value < 2.2e-16 ``` --- ## Résidus Différence entre observé et estimé. <table class="table table-condensed"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=2 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=3 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=4 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=5 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=6 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=7 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> dest=8 </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #add8e6">23.71</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e1f0f5">5.42</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e5f2f7">3.96</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">-2.17</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f2f9fb">-0.67</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #ffffff">-4.95</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">-3.39</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">-3.45</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e1f0f5">5.51</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #cce6ef">12.71</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e1f1f6">5.28</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f1f8fb">-0.38</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f0f8fa">0.17</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">-4.33</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">-3.46</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfd">-3.56</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eff7fa">0.58</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e2f1f6">4.88</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e0f0f5">5.69</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e8f4f7">3.08</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eaf5f8">2.23</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f8fbfd">-2.68</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fefefe">-4.64</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">-3.22</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f3f9fb">-1.09</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f2f9fb">-0.73</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #edf6f9">1.31</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e2f1f6">5.10</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eff7fa">0.64</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eff7fa">0.56</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f8fbfc">-2.54</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfe">-3.89</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f4f9fb">-1.21</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eff7fa">0.34</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f2f9fb">-0.71</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eff7fa">0.56</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e4f2f6">4.28</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f3f9fb">-0.95</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eff7fa">0.30</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f5fafc">-1.59</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">-4.42</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fdfefe">-4.28</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">-2.28</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f4f9fb">-1.18</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f2f8fb">-0.46</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e4f2f6">4.41</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f0f8fa">0.02</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #edf6f9">1.00</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfd">-3.67</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">-3.25</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfd">-3.68</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f8fbfc">-2.59</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f6fafc">-1.94</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f0f7fa">0.22</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #dbeef4">7.42</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #eaf5f8">2.08</span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> orig=8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">-3.38</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fafcfd">-3.48</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #fbfdfd">-3.73</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f8fbfc">-2.64</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f7fbfc">-2.31</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #f2f8fb">-0.46</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #e7f3f7">3.14</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> <span style="display: block; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 4px; background-color: #d8ecf3">8.63</span> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>